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Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg
The Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (), colloquially Electorate of Hanover (''Kurfürstentum Hannover'' or simply ''Kurhannover''), was established in 1692 as the ninth Electorate of the Holy Roman Empire.
It was ruled by the House of Hanover, a cadet branch of the House of Welf, which then ruled and earlier had ruled a number of principalities, which had several times been partitioned among several heirs from the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. After 1705, only two of these territories existed. One was the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, which remained independent as the Duchy of Brunswick (new title adopted in 1815) until 1918. The other, the new Electorate, was based on the dynastic line of the Principality of Calenberg.
With the ascension of its prince-elector as King of Great Britain in 1714, it became ruled in personal union with Great Britain. As a consequence, a reluctant Great Britain was forced time and again to become involved with the fate of the German possessions of its King.〔During the 18th. century, whenever war was declared between Great Britain and France, the French army invaded or threatened to invade Hanover, forcing Great Britain to intervene diplomatically and militarily to defend the Electorate. In 1806, George III of Great Britain even declared war on Prussia after King Frederic William III, under heavy pressure from Napoleon, had annexed George III's German possessions. Auguste Himly, ''Histoire de la formation territoriale des États de l'Europe centrale''. 1876, vol. 1, pp. 95–96.〕 However, internally, it remained a separately ruled territory with its own government and bodies. Merged into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807, it was re-established as the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814, with the personal union with the British crown lasting until 1837.
==Official name and other name versions==
In 1692, Emperor Leopold I elevated Duke Ernest Augustus of the Brunswick-Lüneburg line of Calenberg, to the rank of prince-elector of the Empire as a reward for aid given in the Nine Years' War. There were protests against the addition of a new elector, and the elevation did not become official until the approval of the Imperial Diet in 1708. Calenberg's capital Hanover became colloquially eponymous for the electorate; however, officially it used the name ''Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburg'' of the entire ducal dynasty.
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